Snapshots in History: August 19: Remembering the 1942 Dieppe Raid
August 20, 2014 | John P. | Comments (0)
(Credit: Global TV National – YouTube - Battle of Dieppe uncovered; James Bond creator involved – Published on August 10, 2012 – 2:51)
(Credit: Global TV National – YouTube – Tribute to Dieppe veterans – Published on August 21, 2012 – 2:19)
(Credit: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), The National - YouTube – Posted by canmildoc - Dieppe Raid Survivor Jack McFarland of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (8/18/2012)- Published on August 18, 2012 – 7:24)
(Credit: Raid on Dieppe, August 19th 1942: "Jubilee" operation from Association Jubilée Dieppe – Posted in 2013 – 12:00 – “This 3D animation was produced by Mr Pierre Deschamps in collaboration with certain members of the Operation Jubilee Memorial Museum Administration using a digital topographic model as well as archive photographs. This provides a detailed perception of the events of the Raid as they unfolded.”)
(Credit: War Amps of Canada – YouTube – Dieppe Vignette – Uploaded on January 26, 2010 – 1:59)
(Credit: Canadian Military History Online – YouTube - The Dieppe Raid A Decision Making Exercise Part 1: Operation Rutter – Published on August 18, 2013 – 14:40)
(Credit: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) Digital Archives – Life as a prisoner of war - Medium: Radio; Program: CBC Radio Special; Broadcast Date: Nov. 9, 1943; Guest(s): C.E., Major Page; Duration: 13:58)
On August 19th and beyond, take a moment to remember the sacrifices made by soldiers in the nine (9) hour Dieppe Raid of August 19, 1942 intended to test German coastal defenses for a future Allied amphibious invasion. Canadian troops bore the brunt of the sacrifices on the Allied side with 907 soldiers killed (including 56 officers), 2,460 soldiers wounded, and 1,946 Canadian soldiers captured as prisoners-of-war out of a total Canadian troop strength of 4,963. This single day prisoner-of-war total for Canadian forces exceeded the number of Canadian soldiers captured in either the entire 1943-1945 Italian campaign or the entire 1944-1945 northwestern European campaign. Fifty-two (52) soldiers perished out of a total of 1,075 British commandos, while three (3) of fifty (50) American rangers died. The Royal Navy had seventy-five (75) sailors killed and some 269 missing-in-action or taken prisoner as well as losing 33 landing craft and one destroyer. 311 German soldiers were killed and 280 were wounded. In the air battle portion of the raid, the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) lost 119 aircraft with 62 airmen killed, compared to 48 aircraft lost for the Luftwaffe.
The raid was considered a failure for the Allies and delayed plans for a much-needed Second Front being demanded by the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front to alleviate some pressure from the fighting there. One Allied success associated with the Dieppe Raid was to sabotage a German radar station and learn more about the German radar system as a starting point for developing radar jamming technology as a prelude to a future invasion of continental Europe. More recently, information has come to light about British intelligence attempting to obtain German naval codes associated with the four-rotor Enigma Code machine from the German Admiralty by using commandos in conjunction with the Dieppe Raid. Controversy continues to this day over why Canadian and other Allied soldiers were sacrificed under plans developed by Combined Operations Headquarters under the auspices of Vice-Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten with the support of British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill and the tacit support of Canadian military commanders who desired Canadian troops to see military action after two (2) years in Great Britain. Some contend that Dieppe proved to be a necessary training ground for what was to come in Normandy in June 1944 with the invasion of northwestern Europe, while others feel that the human cost was too high in achieving this objective.
Two Canadians who became prisoners-of-war were awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) for their roles in the Dieppe Raid: Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt (1908-2000), commanding officer of the South Saskatchewan Regiment who crossed a bridge under fire at least four times to take charge of an assault on concrete pillboxes; and Padre John Weir Foote (1904-1988) who declined the opportunity to embark and escape in order to care for wounded comrades. Foote was the first Canadian chaplain to be awarded a Victoria Cross.
Consider the following titles for borrowing from Toronto Public Library collections:
One day in August: the untold story behind Canada's tragedy at Dieppe / David O’Keefe, 2013. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 OKE
David O’Keefe explored the Dieppe Raid from another angle, uncovering a unique naval commando intelligence unit assigned with the task of obtaining secret naval codes tied in with the 4-rotor Enigma Code machine. The reader can decide whether one might agree with the author’s assertion that this secret mission was not just part of the Dieppe Raid, but rather the reason for it.
Also available in eBook (Access Online) format.
Read the review at Canadashistory.ca.
Tragedy at Dieppe: Operation Jubilee, August 19, 1942 / Mark Zuehlke, 2012. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 ZUE
Zuehlke wrote an ably written, descriptive narrative of the planning behind and conduct of the Dieppe Raid. Canadian troops underwent intensive training prior to the raid. Zuehlke offered detailed accounts of the tough conditions facing Canadian and Allied troops on the five beaches on August 19, 1942. He noted that the Canadian commander, Major-General John Hamilton Roberts, had an artillery background and was ill-suited to command infantry.
Read the review at Canadianmilitaryhistory.ca. Read the review at Canadashistory.ca.
Disaster at Dieppe: the biggest debacle in Canadian military history / Jim Lotz, 2012. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 LOT
Jim Lotz offered a concise, detailed account of the Dieppe Raid, acknowledging pressure from the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe and the desire to strike back at the enemy. Like other authors, Lotz took issue with the bad planning associated with the raid but also illustrated the courage shown by those Allied soldiers given a difficult task.
Read the review in the Charlottetown Guardian. Read the review in the Halifax Chronicle-Herald.
The Dieppe Raid: the story of the disastrous 1942 expedition / Robin Neillands, 2005. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 NEI
The author contended that Vice-Admiral Louis Mountbatten was inexperienced with amphibious operations and that his sphere of authority and responsibilities were not obvious. However, the British government wanted the fight to be taken to the enemy in a manner supported by commando-style raids. Lessons learned from the Dieppe Raid fiasco was the need for a clear chain of command and a co-operative co-ordination of military services given that the Royal Navy did not provide major resources for the operation.
Read the review on H-net.org (Humanities and Social Sciences Net Online).
The Commandos at Dieppe: rehearsal for D-Day / William Fowler, 2002. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 FOW
This book looked at the commando raid portion of the Dieppe Raid for which better planning, training and preparation resulted in No. 4 Commando disabling the heavy coastal guns that threatened the Royal Navy’s supporting ships. The author consulted with surviving veterans of the raid in writing this book. The commando raid involved American Rangers in action for the first time in the European theatre of World War Two.
Read the December 2003-April 2004 review from the International Journal of Naval History.
Destined to survive!: a Dieppe veteran's story written as a tribute to the 55th anniversary of the Dieppe Raid / Jack A. Poolton and Jayne Poolton-Turvey, 1998. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.5421 POO / 940.54214 P/POO/POO POO
Read the story of Private Jack Poolton’s training in Britain, capture during the ill-fated Dieppe Raid, his three escape attempts as a prisoner-of-war, and his subsequent liberation by American troops.
Also available in eBook (Access Online) format.
Read the September 1, 1999 review from Esprits de Corps magazine via thefreelibrary.com.
Dieppe: tragedy to triumph / W. Denis Whitaker and Shelagh Whitaker, 1992. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.5421 WHI / 940.5421425 W/WHI
General Whitaker was a captain in 1942 in the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry regiment and the only officer to return unhurt to England from the Dieppe Raid. Whitaker, in collaboration with his wife Shelagh, offered the reader his personal recollections of what transpired there. Put that together with lack of surprise, a sufficiently strong enemy, insufficient aerial and naval support, so a recipe for disaster beckoned.
Read the review from CM Archive.
The greatest air battle: Dieppe, 19th August, 1942 / Norman L.R. Franks, 1992. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.5421 F/FRA
Air historian Franks offered the reader a unique perspective on the Dieppe Raid by writing the only book thus far to focus on the air-to-air battles over Dieppe during the raid between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force (RAF) and its Canadian counterpart, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). The author examined briefly the preparation leading up to this major air battle as well as its effect on future developments.
Read the comments about this book from University of Birmingham PhD Candidate Ross Mahoney. Lieutenant-Colonel James Goodman of the Canadian Military Engineers offered an annotation of this title on page 31 of his 2008 Master’s thesis entitled “Operation JUBILEE: The Allied Raid on Dieppe (1942) – A Historical Analysis of a Planning Failure”.
Unauthorized action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe raid [new ed.] / Brian Loring Villa, 1994. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.5421 VIL
Unauthorized action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe raid / Brian Loring Villa, 1989. Book. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.542 V/ 940.5421 VIL / 940.5421425 V/VIL
Great Britain was under pressure from the Soviet Union and the United States to mount a second front in the west. The British military and political leadership of the day saw these sort of raids as an expedient means of launching attacks with minimal risks. The author placed responsibility (or blame) for the raid on Vice-Admiral Mountbatten. High-ranking military leaders chose to hold back and let Mountbatten take the blame if it landed in his lap as they were jealous of his promotion. The 1994 edition included new information showing that the raid’s decision-making process had been compromised.
Read the comments about this book from University of Birmingham PhD Candidate Ross Mahoney. Lieutenant-Colonel James Goodman of the Canadian Military Engineers offered an annotation of this title on page 31 of his 2008 Master’s thesis entitled “Operation JUBILEE: The Allied Raid on Dieppe (1942) – A Historical Analysis of a Planning Failure”.
For those wishing to view a documentary on the subject, please consider the following options:
Canada at war. Volume 2 [1 videodisc] / Donald Brittain et al.; National Film Board of Canada, 2000. DVD. Documentary. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.5371 CAN V. 2 (Includes: 5. Ebbtide [i.e. the Dieppe Raid])
Volume 2 of the Canada at War series produced by Donald Brittain, Peter Jones, and Stanley Clish included 4 episodes from the 13-part series, viz.: 5. Ebbtide -- 6. Turn of the tide -- 7. Road to Ortona -- 8. New directions.
Aussi disponible en français comme Le Canada en guerre. volume 2.
Dieppe don't call it a failure [1 videodisc] / H. Clifford Chadderton; War Amps of Canada, 2001. DVD. Documentary. Adult Non-Fiction. 940.54214 DIE
This documentary produced by War Amps of Canada argued that the lessons learned from the 1942 Dieppe Raid helped to save thousands of Canadian lives when the D-Day invasion began in June 1944. However, the human cost borne by the 1942 raid was not ignored in telling the story.
Also available in eBook (Access Online) format.